Byzantine Empire and Local Tax Collector - 871 Words

1. According to the text, Constantine’s reform of the tax system â€Å"wiped out a whole class of moderately wealthy people.† How did this work? Constantine made the job of local tax collector hereditary, and tax officials were personally responsible to pay a certain amount to the Emperor s treasury. As tax receipts declined, these officials lost their fortunes. 2. In general, the relationship between Christians and Rome was characterized by phases of toleration with sporadic outbursts of persecution. 3. Paul of Tarsus believed that Christ s teachings should be proclaimed to all. 4. The Zealots wanted to expel the Romans from Judea. 5. During the age of the five good emperors, the Roman army was a source of economic†¦show more content†¦19. The success of Constantinople at resisting attacks resulted from all of the following except the weakness of its enemies. 20. The organization of Irish Christianity was distinct from that of Roman Christianity in that in Ireland monasteries rather than the diocese were the core of the church organization. 21. The significance of The Song of Roland is as a portrayal of later views of Charlemagne. 22. Viking attacks caused much short-term damage. 23. In his Arrangement of the Empire, Charlemagne s son Louis stressed the importance of the unity of the empire. 24. Charlemagne s political power was based on the cooperation of the Frankish aristocracy. 25. Charlemagne left his empire to Louis the Pious. 26. The main purpose of the Carolingian Renaissance was to promote an understanding of Scriptures and of Christian writers. 27. In the Merovingian dynasty, royal succession could be claimed by any prince of Merovingian blood. 28. The fortified areas on the edges of Charlemagne s empire were called marches. 29. According to newer research, the disintegration of the Carolingian Empire was the result of the revolts and conspiracies of the great nobles. 30. In the institution of the double monastery a community of nuns and a community of monks were linked under the direction of an abbess. 31. The term fulling refers to the cleansing and thickening of cloth. 32. The most important factor inShow MoreRelatedThe Roman Empire And The Rise And Fall Of The Papacy1337 Words   |  6 Pagesestablishment of Christianity may be considered a very essential part of the history of the Roman Empire and the rise and fall of the papacy. The history of the Papacy began over two thousand years ago with the reign of John Paul II. 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Summary/Critical Response Example

Essays on Summary/Critical Response Article Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 13 November Working at MacDonald’s I agree with the argument presented by the article ‘Working at MacDonald’s’. There are many reasons for my being in agreement with the article. MacDonald’s is a hugely success fast food chain. One of the reasons of its success is that it has successfully utilized economies of scale. But in the process of making everything efficient, the human element has been reduced to a great extent. Most of the activities in MacDonald’s are very mechanical. The article is right when it says that teenagers working there don’t develop any entrepreneurial skills. After a few days the job there becomes no better than any factory job which pays one for one’s presence, hard work and compliance with the factory rules and regulations. When a person applies there for the job, an interview is conducted. A few basic questions are asked and if the person is available for work then they hire him/her. After that they conduct an orientation which isn’t too informative. Just a CD is shown about the company’s history and a few practices at MacDonald’s. After signing up of the contracts the person becomes ready to do the shifts. Although MacDonald’s claim to have training schedule for new comers, nothing can be farther from truth. Most of the freshers learn from the ‘friends’ they make on the first few shifts. There is no proper training, no guidance and sometimes health and safety standards are also compromised. New employees are asked to complete an online course about food hygiene and health and safety. After it is completed a Food Hygiene certificate and Health and Safety certificate is given which has no value both inside and outside the company. As one starts to work there one gets the feeling that all they want is a worker who can work for long hours and does not take sick leaves. In other words one’s presence is much more important than quality of work. This is the reason why even the most unwilling and lazy workers keep on working there for years. This may be a very generalizing statement but it is certified by previous employees of MacDonald’s. It is a pathetic scene to see teenagers spend their precious time in doing such routine tasks. The problem is not the simplicity of the tasks; the problem is that working at MacDonald’s doesn’t add anything to one’s skills. Customer contact is very brief, food preparing process mechanical and work appraisal is non-existent. In such an environment the only thing a worker thinks while working on the shift is the end of the shift. At the end of the shift, there is a feeling of exhilaration. The clothes are soaked in the smell of oil. The body feels itchy. And there is no energy left to do anything at home other than sleep. The only consolation is the pay that comes which is based on the number of hours one has worked. With money in the pocket and possibly a few work friends, the employee feels motivated to go again and get lost in meaningless work. And yes there is one more benefit of the job, the free meals that one can eat in the breaks (breaks are not paid for hence the free meal). But somewhere deep inside the soul knows that nothing much was achieved all this week and the food that was made for people is called nothing but ‘junk’ food.

Students Spend Less Time Studying free essay sample

College students today spend less time studying. In order to succeed in college, it’s very important to dedicate your time to work hard. Some students do not use their time correctly to study because they get caught in other distractions. Bad grades in college are results of not spending enough time studying. The social media is a time consuming for the college students. Spending an exaggerated amount of time on these social networking websites has a direct impact on the academic performance of the students. Partying in college and the students’ attitude towards their effort also affect the academic achievement. A large quantity of college students spend more time navigating on the social networking websites, such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, than studying. That ends up harming them academically since they do not study enough to get good grades in school. Posting a status on Facebook, Tweeting about something, liking a picture on Instagram seem to be more important than studying or going over a textbook. We will write a custom essay sample on Students Spend Less Time Studying or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page social media has a huge effect on the attitude of the students toward their study time. The more time the students spend using the social media the less they study. Partying has a big impact on why students do not invest on their study time properly. Some students prefer to go to college only because of its quality and quantity of parties. For some people, partying is what defines college. Sometimes partying is the reason why some people go to college, not caring about its academic status. There is no doubt that the student who likes to party too much ends up spending more time drinking alcohol than using his or her precious time studying. Alcohol makes the students lose their focus on studying. For some students college is a place to party hard, instead of studying hard. The students’ attitude, such as motivation and confidence, towards their academic performance has an impact on the amount of time studying. A well-motivated student with a high confidence does extremely better in school than others without motivation and confidence. These kind of students spend more time studying than partying or using social media. The more effort the students put on their academic achievement, the more they will succeed and have a good GPA. The amount of effort is the key to be successful in college and in life. If the student works hard, then the chances to do well in college will increase. In conclusion, partying and social media hurt the academic performance of the college students. Also, the students’ attitude toward their effort can affect the academic achievement. Students should spend more time studying and less time partying or using social media. The amount of effort and time college students put into their studies is fundamental to have a successful life in college. Students should study hard, instead of partying hard. They should invest their time in studying. Using the time properly is the key to have a good college career.

Case Study of Architect Winston Chu Example For Students

Case Study of Architect Winston Chu THEORIES OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM Introduction Architect Winston Chu’s design attack is based on simpleness and practicality. Looking at his architecture works, they were designed with simple geometrical lines and signifiers. He does non make fancy architecture, but his designs are able to present a message and give individuality to the edifices. Other than the design signifiers, Architect Winston Chu besides strongly believe that a edifice design should be based on the site history and context Internet Explorer: it should talk for the edifice. He besides ensures that a edifice has a soft facet to accomplish a balance between nature and architecture. The ground I pick Johor Premium Outlet as my research edifice is because the edifice design attack carry through the above mentioned standards. Developed in direct response to the enormous growing in Johor State, ( 1stPremium Outlet in Malaysia ) Johor Premium Outlet is a 45 acre piece of land at a cardinal main road intersection merely 30 proceedingss from Senai airdrome. The location was selected for its propinquity to downtown finishs. With the project’s retail lying near to the major main road viz. North South Highway, Senai Desaru Highway and 2nd nexus main road to Singapore ; easy and convenient entree with equal parking were of import factor to guarantee the JPO are good patronized. What was one time an oil thenar estate with rippling terrain has been transformed into an established and successful premium mercantile establishment cater to shoppers in peculiar tourer, both local and international. The mercantile establishment has a sing platform worthy of its hilly puting. Climatic Condition The characteristic characteristics of the tropical clime of Malaysia are unvarying temperature, high humidness and heavy rainfall. During terrible drouth, which may last one to two months, the temperature may make up to 35 grade Celsius. The Johor Premium mercantile establishment tantrum in about 130 tenant infinites distributed along an interior-oriented prosaic promenade. The curvilinear layout and strategic placement of single blocks to guarantee the premium mercantile establishment is exposed to the shopper stroll down to the promenade. Cost effectual agencies were found to cover significant countries of interior promenade, in position of local conditions conditions, yet admit every bit much as natural visible radiation as possible. The Johor Premium Outlet is a simple but elegant construction, taking cues from agribusiness edifices. Site planning and architectural design were pursued at the same time to make consistent cloth. The infinite was made more attractive by sets of landscape gardening and the synergistic fountain. Street and pavement are designed to go forthample infinite for seting of trees.Fountains and landscape environing the retail blocks serve as shadowing component and sound buffers against nearby traffic. During hot conditions, the fountain besides acts as a chilling mechanism and a brooding pool which helps to reflect the heat off from the edifice ; while besides ask foring chilling zephyrs. Sing the sum of sunshine to be received by the edifice, greater accent is given to constructing orientation to avoid lifting and puting Sun in the east west orientation. Large facing Windowss are located on the north south facade to supply bright natural visible radiation for the retail infinites. The mercantile establishments are laid out around with streetscapes such as synergistic fountain and street furniture. The single edifice blocks are connected by big canopy paseo. And strategic arrangement of fanlight allowed sunshine to perforate into the big canopy. The retail shop is recessed to guarantee the comfort of the shoppers. In the site within, rock and glass reinforce the image of elation and openness. Natural rock floors and wood panelling brings complementary heat to the inside. My Darling Clementine - The Effects Of Noir EssayMaterial Materials play an of import function non merely as something which would weather good but it connects adult male to his antediluvian beginnings as portion of Nature’s kids. Frank Lloyd Wright can be said to be the male parent of an organic attack which saw the possible lessons of the past traditional architecture. Premium Outlet requires a planetary and international architecture design, but still keeping its local individuality and characteristic. It is a progressive attack to plan that seeks to intercede between the planetary and the local linguistic communications of architecture. In Johor Premium Outlet design, natural stuffs such as rock veneer, clay and bricks ; these stuff used suggest the phantasy of a tropical nature Eden. A coveted feel of modern-day and natural in tonic countries was created with independent individual sided constructions finished with glass, barrel clay tile, Cu and local rock veneers – stuffs that balance the natural and modern-day expressions characteristic of the part. Elevations consciously define the public kingdom, while giving the retail renters a semi-private envelope. Material such as brick, clay and rock reflects the traditional architecture of the community, while reacting to the modern design of the encompassing edifice. Contemporary stuffs such as Cu, metal and glass are besides used to give a harmonisation and balance to the edifice mentality. Sing the chief map of the Johor Premium Outlet – glass window is extremely used due to the importance to exhibit the vesture and merchandises in order to pull consumers. Similar colour tone was selected for the edifice to give continuity and make the same temper. Colorss derived from the local vegetation, zoology, sky, and Earth reinforce the regional feeling. Exterior pavement is of brick utilizing exposed hard-seeded, water-washed glass sum in a assortment of colourss, with slate tile countries. Native plantings reinforce the regional character. Mission clay tiles, besides called Barrel tiles and S-curved tiles, have a extremely rounded curve which gives the traditional expression to Spanish manner buildings.To achieve higher coefficient of reflection and emissivity indices ; the traditional red-orange barrel clay tile was chosen to accomplish cool roof values. Rock is from local preies, and patio and paseos are paved with ruddy bricks. Decision Early exposure to landscape design simple and practical design during his internship has contributed to his presence twenty-four hours architecture attack and design doctrine. Architect Winston Chu used the environmental conditions to his advantage by following the natural infinite conditioning consequence of the Sun, air current and H2O to maintain the infinite comfortable. Choice of orientation, signifier, coloring material and stuffs for the edifice, Windowss, form, manner and location of external, shadowing was done meticulously for maximal benefit. Such an attack to edifice that takes advantage of natural conditions for maintaining the life infinite comfortable is called solar inactive architecture. Mention Dixon, J. Urban Spaces No.5: Having Green Design Strategies ( pg 40, 51 ) Mabe, V. eHOW: Why Use Clay Roof Tiles. Retrieve on 21stJune from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ehow.com/about_5091103_use-clay-roof-tiles.html

Video Games Impact on Peoples Lives

Introduction The current world has had a great deal of revolution in so many sectors, one of them being the information sector which has been promoted greatly by the invention of computer and other related gadgets. Such inventions have been followed by a number of other technological developments that have come to capture the interest of so many people in the society since these new discoveries have made life so simple as far as the process of handling tasks that were so hard to tackle in the past is concerned.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Video Games Impact on Peoples Lives specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Besides simplifying life, information technology has provided entertainment facilities that have formed the major landmark in the contemporary world of fun. One of the greatest inventions in the entertainment field is the discovery of video games. These games have had a great influence in the minds of people, especially the children who have stopped playing the usual games on the fields to sticking on the computer and television screens playing video games. This research paper will extensively expound on the way the video games are interconnected with information, technology, and society. It begins by offering a brief history of video games industry, which will followed by a discussion on the relationship between video games, technology and society. Brief History of Video Games The term â€Å"Video game† is a generic term that is used to describe any type of electronic device meant for entertainment purposes. The device is handheld and audio-visual. The history of video is known to have emerged from the Cathode Ray Amusement Device. The cathode tubes were missile defense systems that were in use in the late 1940s. Since the tubes were being used for the defense purposes, modifications were being made from time to time. The modification of the defense system meant that the video games were being simplified into a more adaptable and useful products. In the late 1950s and 1960s, numerous computers had been developed, particularly the main frame computers, personal computers and consequently the handheld games (Gunter, 1998). Video Games and Media and Communication The technology behind the video games has drastically evolved with time due to the dynamic characteristic of technology, especially information systems. Video games have a great relationship with media and communication in the sense that they are developed on the same platform of technology due to the fact they all revolve around the information systems that basically involve the computers. The technology behind the video games have emanated from an integration of two types of media, which involves the audiovisual and the graphical games.Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These are designed with great expertise to imitate the real games and actions that are played in the real life situation (Downing, 2010). These games have brought great changes compared to the normal audiovisual entertainment that does not give the audience a chance to participate, but the video games have an interface that offers an opportunity for people to interact with the players in the game. Another major connection between video games and media and communication is the fact both are used in conveying a variety of information to people in different ways. This happens in the sense that these two areas of media offer an interactive format which gives people a virtual arena to learn so many things that are happening in the world. For instance, some games are created to depict common sports hence people learn the tactics used in playing those games in reality. Video games have also come to compliment what the usual media forms used to offer in the past. It is very clear that the usual m edia and communication facilities such as television, magazines, and books did not offer an interactive platform for children to learn new skills (Jozefowicz, 2009). But video games, on the contrary, have improved the way information essential for kids to learn is conveyed, whereby video games have altered the format by offering children or any person an opportunity to interact with the game through participation. Thus, in the course of one playing the game, there is a great impact that is imposed on the person with regards to gaining knowledge. Several skills are learned in the process of playing video games which enables an individual to develop the capacity to handle challenges and maneuver them in a tactical manner. These also inculcates the power of reasoning and fast thinking since most of them involve activities that have challenging tasks that a person is needed to do and possibly win. They also enable an individual to have a pursuing attitude in life due to the fact most of the video games have levels which one goes escalating as he or she maneuver the challenges. This levels and the pursuit of the player to reach the highest level possible makes a person to have mentality of not losing hope in life. Other games are created to convey messages touching on the society such as peace, harmony and environment, which are very important issues in life. The aspect that makes video games to have some commonalities with media and communication especially in the current world of technology is the mode of storage and conveyance.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Video Games Impact on Peoples Lives specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More All these forms of media can be stored in very complex gadgets which are extremely small, convenient and with big capacity such as the compact disks, cartridges, flash disks, micro SD cards and even in the Internet in various ways such as the emails. They can also be moved from one point to another in a very efficient manner by use the same gadgets. Video games have also taken after media and communication in the sense that they are also changing with time. That is, from analogue to digital technology. This has taken over in many areas and at the same time led to the transformation of gadgets from the bulky size to small portable gadgets. This has become a trend in every sector of media and communication tool and also gadgets used for communication such as mobile phones have been installed with video games which are on digital format (Entertainment Software Association, 2011). Video Games and Marketing Perspective In the contemporary world, video games have become a major product for a majority of people, especially the young generation who have become the biggest consumers of these games. According to Holmes (2010), most people in the present world that is flooded with a lot of technological have shifted from the physical outdoor recrea tional activities to indoor less tiring games that are provided through computers and other related gadgets. There are also some recreational places that have made these venture a commercial enterprise where people go to relax as they play games. At the same time there are people who like watching sports such as soccer on the television screens and wish to virtually participate in the game. Such instances have led to the development of video games that involve sports hence they offer such kind of people an opportunity to enjoy playing the game using the players they like and the teams they support. Video games have therefore captured a wide range of consumers thus translating to thee growth of their market. With the invention of video games and their dynamic nature, a wide a range of market has cropped up since the number of consumers has increased considerably. Many business people have started venturing in this industry starting all the way to create video games to retailing them. The increased demand for these games have also made video games developers to research deeply on more advanced technology to integrate in the games so as to remain competitive in the market. For instance, independent game developers are nowadays using the Internet rather than conventional retail channels to reach customers. As computing and graphics power has increased, many firms have also grown to house increasing graphical and programming complexities. The market for video games have also been highly promoted by the association of most of the video games with real activities such as movies and sports that have been set in a graphical manner to be played by people as video games. This development has been accelerated by the fact that most people are fanatics of some of these recreational activities but they only enjoy them by watching on television and cinema screens. For example, FIFA and Sony are the leading organizations in collaborating with developers of soccer video games.A dvertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, since most of these activities have now been transformed into games, such people become so excited playing them since they can now virtually feel as though they are taking part in the scenes when they are playing the games. This transformation has led to a great rise in the market of video games. Many factors have also played a major role in marketing the video games in various ways hence making this venture to be well known across the world. One of the common way through which video games have been advertised is by use of the Internet which provides a wider view since it covers all over the globe. Video games are therefore displayed on the advertising websites and other sites especially the social networks since they have a big number of viewers (Jacko, 2009). They are marketed by use of word of mouth. For instance, a child can inform another about a news video in the market hence making that kid to insist of having the same. Video game dealers also give promotions to th eir customers which are one of the best ways of attracting more customers and at the same time creating royal consumers. The origin of video games has also become the major player in marketing video games. Video games that are created on the basis of captivating movies or sports do very well in the market since their origin already has a captivating nature. Characters used in the video games can also be another crucial aspect that attracts the attention of customers because many people wish to play games that have their favorite movie star, cartoon star or player in a certain sport. Such characters act as very important tools of marketing the video games. The introduction and commercialization of video games have also contributed a lot to the improvement of the economy in various ways. One of the ways is by acting as an income generating venture to those people who develop the video games. It also acts as a source of employment to many people, starting from those who work at the pro duction level to those who are at the distributing and retailing platform. They also offer a wide range of other job opportunities such that there are people who work as sales and marketing personnel and others who start businesses that involve offering recreational environment by playing games at a fee. The business of video games has also earned countries with revenue in the form of tax. All these forms of revenue generating sectors have influenced positively the economy in general. Historical Development of Video Games As earlier mentioned, video games have undergone a great deal of evolution as far as technology is concerned. The earliest video game made its debut in the business arena back in 1971 and was called the computer space. It made a landmark in the recreational sector during this decade across America and other regions such Europe and Asia (Japan). Nevertheless, this industry was faced by major setbacks in the course of its teething stage since it had not set firm tech nological roots. Various companies that had started making video games were directed to dispose their stock of video games that seemed to be in obsolescence due to poor standards of technology that led to low quality games. These challenges even went to a point of afflicting the American video game industry with worse effects such total closure of the trade. This led to the transfer of the venture from United States of America to Japan, which seemed to have the competence technology wise to improve the gaming discovery and development (Wikipedia, 2011). The gaming market for video games still remained strong despite the fact that the market for video games was negatively affected. But this was not the case in Japan since the development of video games went on as usual and actually grew stronger because this country was working really hard on their technological expertise to ensure that they remain at the top. Various generations of computer games came up following one another in Jap an, but it became very hard for other corporations in places such as USA and Europe to keep with pace and competence of Japan. It was not until the development of the fourth generation of the video games that at least USA and Europe were able to have the required knowledge to facilitate them to have a share in this new generation. But at the same they were not as equipped as Japan hence the latter went on dominating in the industry. This went till the introduction of the sixth generation of video games that had a different company other than only a Japanese affiliated corporation to deal with. All in all, this was just a passing cloud for America since with the introduction of portable gadgets that would be used to play video games, the glory that USA had started basking under began fading away since they had not created a firm technological platform to enable them to compete successfully. Japanese video game companies went on doing very well in the industry especially in the develo pment of portable gadgets that contained games such as mobile phones, PSPs, and other electronic devices. These set Japan at a very favorable position in the gaming market hence making them to dominate in this industry for quite some time. The evolution of video game was so dynamic and seemed perpetual since even to this date there are so many new form of games that are being developed to suite the current generation that has been drowned in the advanced technologies, especially revolving around computer systems and the Internet. Improvements have been made and keep on being done so as to meet the demands of the present customers and at the same time, companies that deal with making video games are working hard to remain competent and create loyal customers for their games. The invention of other technologies such as the Internet has also marked the history of the gaming industry in various ways. The internet has led to the elevation of computer games to activities that can be acces sed, shared and played by people in different locations online. Another historical landmark in the video games venture is the introduction of the 3-D (three dimension) technology which has completely transformed the gaming interfaces to a more realistic, interactive and interesting format. The history of video games therefore becomes longer as time goes by because there are so many changes that are being made as result of the need to keep at par with the dynamic nature of technology and the needs of society (Jacko, 2010). Future Implications of Video games on Society There are number of influences that the video games will have in the future, whereby some will be positive while others will be negative. Positive implications may include a number of factors that endorse the fact that these games really have some benefits to the consumer. Video games have depicted some positive aspects that can be advantage if put into use. For instance, some companies and national departments in Ameri ca have adopted the trend of using g certain games to employ and orient people to the tasks they are going to handle in the job place. This has been discovered to be a much efficient way of recruiting and training new employees since these games are consistent and do not have any partiality. At the same time they can always be updated depending on the amendments that have cropped up. The use of video games in recruiting new employees is also very economical since it does not require a panel of professional trainers to undertake this task as it has always been in the past or else in the areas that have not integrated such kind of mechanism in their system. This technology is also advantageous since it can be used by a chain of companies since it has a conventional nature. Video games have also been proved to be used in learning new skills in various activities such as in sports, whereby children have adopted the system of playing video games with the aim of learning how to play real games such as soccer (Raise Smart Kids, 2011). Other people also play some games that are based on the idea of racing cars to learn more skills of driving. Gaming has also been used by the military personnel to teach themselves new skills of defense. Video games, besides being used as a learning tool are also used as a recreational facility, in which people relax at home or in their offices after a hard day’s work and play these games to relief them the stresses of the day and work. This trend is deemed to continue in future. Children also play video games at home after school to keep them occupied and give them an opportunity to relax and interact with each other. Video games have added the number of recreational activities in the leisure places which has created a diversified the pleasures of such places. Parents who go with their kids to places of recreation do not have any worry since they know their kids will also have a good time playing video games with other children. Gaming has also been used as a method of lowering a person’s depression caused by sad situations that a person meets in life. It has also been proven that people who frequently play video games have a better ability to handle tough tasks in their job places than those who rarely or do not play at all. This is a clear indication that video games sharpen a person’s expertise since most of them subject a person to very difficult virtual tasks (Jacko, 2009). With reference to the preceding facts, one can realize that the current generation which has been entrenched in video games will have a higher ability of maneuvering in many ways as far as solving tasks and doing sports is concerned. Video games also enables people to utilize their skills virtually which could be very difficult to do or attain in real life since some of the real life activities are very hard to access or very expensive to set up. For instance, a person might be yearning to have an experience of partic ipating in a certain movie or sport but cannot do that in reality. That person is able to have an experience closer to what he or she wished to have by playing a video game. Gaming will also decrease the number of social misdemeanors that are perpetrated due to idleness because most of the young generations are preoccupying their minds by playing video games hence avoiding them from staying idle (Jozefowicz, 2009). Actually this is making them to develop a creative mind since these games jog their minds. However, video games will also have some terrible negative effects to the present generation in future in many ways. Some games have violent themes which if played may induce a nature of violence in the minds of the players. Gunter (1998) outlines that children tend to become so vulnerable to violent aggressions with one another as they try to imitate what is done on the computer games. Some kids also develop a tendency of wanting to experiment what they are doing in such games and since some of the video games are based on very abstract or complicated theories, they end up falling victims of very perilous encounters. Violent video games have also led to drug abuse and alcoholism which at the end have resulted to serious crimes. Video games will also pose great danger to the health of many people due to the fact that they are less physical hence making such people to develop health conditions such as obesity, diabetes and heart diseases due to lack of proper exercise (Downing, 2010). Video Games and Human Needs The objective of video games is not only entertainment, but also providing psychological needs, at least in a short period. The more a player succeeds in playing the game, the more he or she keeps playing it. It helps people to reduce stress as it improves the player’s hearing and touching senses. In addition, successful individuals are deemed to gain vitality after playing such games because of the challenges encountered in different stages of p lay (JS, 2007). However, too much gaming can also predispose people to mental problems such as being so aggressive, withdrawal behavior, in which a person does not want to socialize with people, and acute insanity due to being brainwashed by the scenes in the games. Playing video games can also become addictive which if not checked early might make people to stop working so as to play games. Such instances can cause gross problems in the work places between the staff and the executive since the employees do not work as expected due to the fact they use the working hour playing games on their computer and mobile phones. Video games have led to poor performance of students in schools since most of them dedicate all their time to playing video games hence lacking time to study (Raise Smart Kids, 2009). Conclusion In a nut shell, it can be concluded that video games era has had a great impact on peoples’ lives especially the computer literate generation. Video games have changed so many things in the society in a diversified manner. Some effects have posed the society with positive implications while others have subjected people to very adverse situations. The discovery of video games have also changed so many things and at the same time made life so easy since activities that could only be done on the actual set up can now be efficiently and interestingly be done on the screens of television, computers or displays of some electronic gadgets. The introduction of video games has also made electronic companies to be on their toes so as to remain competitive in the gaming market. This has led to the formation of very sophisticated gadgets that have state- of- art video games as one of the applications to compliment these gadgets such as the mobile phones, iPods and iPads. References Downing, S. (2010). Online Gaming and the Social Construction of Virtual Victimization. Journal for Computer Game Culture, 4(2): 277-285. Entertainment Software Association. (2011) . Video Game Marketing Research. Web. Gunter, B. (1998).The Effects of Video Games on Children: The Myth Unmasked. Chicago: Continuum International Publishing Group. Holmes, E.G. (2010). Strange reality: On Glitches and Uncanny Play. Journal for Computer Game Culture, 4(2): 255-275. Wikipedia. (2011). History of Video Games. Web. Jozefowicz, C. (2009). Video Games, Ultimate 10, the Ultimate 10: Entertainment Series. New York: Gareth Stevens Publishing. Jacko, A. (2009). Human-Computer Interaction. Interacting in Various Applications Domains: 13th International Conference, HCI International 2009. San Diego, CA, USA, 2009. Proceedings. Chicago: Springer. JS, Yahoo! Contributor Network. (2007). Video Game Playing May Fulfill Innate Human Need: Study. Web. Raise Smart Kid. (2011). The Good and Bad Effects of Video Games. Web. This research paper on Video Games Impact on Peoples Lives was written and submitted by user Bristol Woodward to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Battle of Jutland in World War I

Battle of Jutland in World War I Battle of Jutland -Conflict Dates The Battle of Jutland was fought May 31-June 1, 1916, and was the largest naval battle of World War I (1914-1918). Fleets Commanders Royal Navy Admiral Sir John JellicoeVice Admiral Sir David Beatty28 battleships, 9 battlecruisers, 9 armored cruisers, 26 light cruisers, 78 destroyers, 1 minelayer, 1 seaplane carrier Kaiserliche Marine Vice Admiral Reinhard ScheerVice Admiral Franz Hipper16 battleships, 5 battlecruisers, 6 pre-dreadnoughts, 11 light cruisers, 61 torpedo boats Battle of Jutland -German Intentions: With the Allied blockade increasingly taking a toll on the German war effort, the Kaiserliche Marine began devising plans to bring the Royal Navy to battle. Outnumbered in battleships and battlecruisers, the commander of the High Seas Fleet, Vice Admiral Reinhard Scheer, hoped to lure part of the British fleet to its doom with the goal of evening the numbers for a larger engagement at a later date. To accomplish this, Scheer intended to have Vice Admiral Franz Hippers scouting force of battlecruisers raid the English coast to draw out Vice Admiral Sir David Beattys Battlecruiser Fleet. Hipper would then retire, leading the pursuing Beatty towards the High Seas Fleet which would destroy the British ships. To support the operation, submarines would be deployed to weaken Beattys forces while also watching Admiral Sir John Jellicoes main Grand Fleet at Scapa Flow. Unknown to Scheer, the British codebreakers at Room 40 had broken the German naval codes and were aware that a major operation was in the offing. Unaware of Scheers intentions, Jellicoe sortied with 24 battleships and three battlecruisers on May 30, 1916, and took up a blocking position ninety miles west of Jutland. Battle of Jutland -The Fleets Put to Sea: Jellicoes departure was followed later that day by Hipper who left the Jade Estuary with five battlecruisers. Able to move faster than his superior, Beatty sailed from the Firth of Forth early on May 31 with six battlecruisers and the four fast battleships of the Fifth Battle Squadron. Leaving after Hipper, Scheer put to sea on May 31 with sixteen battleships and six pre-dreadnoughts. In all cases, each formation was accompanied by a host of armored and light cruisers, destroyers, and torpedo boats. As the British moved into position, the German u-boat screen proved ineffective and played no role. Battle of Jutland -The Battlecruisers Collide: As the fleets moved towards each other, a communications error led Jellicoe to believe that Scheer was still in port. While he held his position, Beatty steamed east and received reports from his scouts at 2:20 PM of enemy ships to the southeast. Eight minutes later, the first shots of the battle occurred as British light cruisers encountered German destroyers. Turning towards the action, Beattys signal to Rear Admiral Sir Hugh Evan-Thomas was missed and a ten-mile gap opened between the battlecruisers and the Fifth Battle Squadron before the battleships corrected their course. This gap prevented Beatty from having a crushing advantage in firepower in the coming engagement. At 3:22 PM, Hipper, moving northwest, spotted Beattys approaching ships. Turning southeast to lead the British towards Scheers battleships, Hipper was sighted eight minutes later. Racing forward, Beatty squandered an advantage in range and failed to immediately form his ships for battle. At 3:48 PM, with both squadrons in parallel lines, Hipper opened fire. In the ensuing Run to the South, Hippers battlecruisers got the better of the action. Due to another British signaling error, the battlecruiser Derfflinger was left uncovered and fired with impunity. At 4:00 PM, Beattys flagship HMS Lion took a near fatal hit, while two minutes later HMS Indefatigable exploded and sank. Its loss was followed twenty minutes later when HMS Queen Mary met a similar fate. Though scoring hits on the German ships, Beattys battlecruisers failed to score any kills. Alerted to the approach of Scheers battleships shortly after 4:30 PM, Beatty quickly reversed course and began running to the northwest. Battle of Jutland -The Run to the North: Passing Evan-Thomass battleships, Beatty again had signal difficulties which hampered the Fifth Battle Squadrons turn. As the battered battlecruisers withdrew, the battleships fought a running rear-guard action with the High Seas Fleet. Moving to Beattys aid, Jellicoe sent forward Rear Admiral Horace Hoods Third Battlecruiser Squadron while attempting to obtain information about Scheers position and heading. As Beatty ran north, his ships hammered at Hipper, forcing him to turn south and join Scheer. Around 6:00 PM, Beatty joined Jellicoe as the commander debated which way to deploy the fleet. Battle of Jutland -The Dreadnoughts Clash: Deploying to the east of Scheer, Jellicoe put the fleet in position to cross Scheers T and have superior visibility as the sun began to set. As the Grand Fleet moved into line of battle, there was a flurry of activity as the smaller vessels raced into position, earning the area the name Windy Corner. With Jellicoe forming the fleet, the action was renewed when two British cruisers came under fire from the Germans. While one was sunk, the other was badly damaged but was inadvertently saved by HMS Warspite whose steering gear overheated causing it to circle and draw German fire. Approaching the British, Hipper again clashed with the battlecruisers, including Hoods fresh ships. Taking heavy damage, he was forced to abandon his flagship SMS Lutzow, but not before his ships sank HMS Invincible, killing Hood. At 6:30 PM the main fleet action began with Scheer stunned to find Jellicoes battleships crossing his T. His lead ships under intense fire from the British line, Scheer averted disaster by ordering an emergency maneuver known as Gefechtskehrtwendung (battle about turn to starboard) which saw each ship reverse course by turning 180-degrees. Knowing that he could not win a stern chase and with too much light remaining to escape, Scheer turned back towards the British at 6:55 PM. At 7:15 PM, Jellicoe again crossed the German T with his battleships hammering SMS Konig, SMS Grosser Kurfà ¼rst, SMS Markgraf, and SMS Kaiser of Scheers lead division. Under intense fire, Scheer was forced to order another battle about turn. To cover his withdrawal, he ordered a mass destroyer attack on the British line, along with an sending his battlecruisers forward. Meeting brutal fire from Jellicoes fleet, the battlecruisers took heavy damage as Scheer laid a smoke screen and retreated. As the battlecruisers limped away, the destroyers commenced torpedo attacks. Turning away from the assault, the British battleships escaped unscathed, however it cost Jellicoe valuable time and daylight. Battle of Jutland - Night Action: As darkness fell, Beattys remaining battlecruisers exchanged final shots with the Germans around 8:20 PM and scored several hits on SMS Seydlitz. Aware of German superiority in night fighting, Jellicoe sought to avoid renewing the battle until dawn. Cruising south, he intended to block Scheers most likely escape route back to the Jade. Anticipating Jellicoes move, Scheer slowed and crossed the Grand Fleets wake during the night. Fighting through a screen of light vessels, Scheers ships engaged in a series of chaotic night battles. In these fights, the British lost the cruiser HMS Black Prince and several destroyers to enemy fire and collisions. Scheers fleet saw the loss of the pre-dreadnought SMS Pommern, a light cruiser, and several destroyers. Though Scheers battleships were sighted several times, Jellicoe was never alerted and the Grand Fleet continued sailing south. At 11:15 PM, the British commander did receive an accurate message containing the German location and heading, but due to a series of faulty intelligence reports earlier in the day, it was disregarded. It was not until 4:15 AM on June 1, that Jellicoe was alerted to the Germans true position by which point he was too far away to resume the battle. Battle of Jutland - Aftermath: At Jutland, the British lost 3 battlecruisers, 3 armored cruisers, and 8 destroyers, as well as 6,094 killed, 510 wounded, and 177 captured. German losses numbered 1 pre-dreadnought, 1 battlecruiser, 5 light cruisers, 6 destroyers, and 1 submarine. Casualties were listed as 2,551 killed and 507 wounded. In the wake of the battle, both sides claimed victory. While the Germans succeeded in sinking more tonnage and inflicting higher casualties, the battle itself resulted in a strategic victory for the British. Though the public had sought a triumph similar to Trafalgar, the German efforts at Jutland failed to break the blockade or significantly reduce the Royal Navys numerical advantage in capital ships. Also, the result led to the High Seas Fleet effectively remaining in port for the remainder of the war as the Kaiserliche Marine turned its focus to submarine warfare. While both Jellicoe and Beatty were criticized for their performance at Jutland, the battle did lead to several changes in the Royal Navy. Determining that the loss in battlecruisers was largely due to shell handing procedures, changes were made to ensure a higher degree of safety. Also improvements were made to gunnery practices, signaling, and the Fleet Standing Orders. Selected Sources First World War: Battle of JutlandThe Battle of Jutland

Emerging issues in environmental disaster management Essay

Emerging issues in environmental disaster management - Essay Example The way the US Coast Guard was able to function in such times of emergency speaks for itself about the efficient organization and working system of the agency, and the impact it has had and will continue to have on the lives ofmillions of Americans.Disaster management is a system of relief operations carried out in lieu of any natural or human-afflicted disasters in the country. These operations can be carried out either before or after a disaster strikes. When they are carried before the calamity, they are in the nature of preparing the people for it, and often involve evacuating the pertinent area. In the case of post-disaster operations, they are mostly concerned with the relief and rehabilitation of the stricken area and people, and often involve medical and housing facilities, and the sheltering of the evacuees. Many agencies and organizations, both governmental and non- governmental, have to work in a highly coordinated manner to bring about these measures. There is a high leve l of internal and external organization in and among these organizations respectively to achieve a high degree of efficiency that is a prerequisite for emergency control and management. These organizations can be at city, state or federal level, depending upon the nature and the need of the agency, and also upon the scope and limits of its operations. This paper focuses on the United States Coast Guard and its workings. The United States Coast Guard had its inception on January 28, 1915. ... coasts and inland maritime region. Although originally operating under the Department of Homeland Security, the Coast Guard, under special circumstances, can also serve the Department of Defense and the Department of the Navy. It embodies the motto Semper Paratus, which means "Always Ready". History: the history of the United States Coast Guard can be divided into two broad factions; the early history, that is before the formal inception of the modern Coast Guard authority, and that of post-modern Coast Guard inception. The early history can be traced back to the 1970s. On the 4rth of August, 1970, the Tariff Act by the Congress authorized the construction of ten vessels, or cutters, with the recruitment of 100 revenue officers, to maintain US maritime laws in the waterways, coordinate the marine taxes and prevent smuggling. This service was known as the Revenue Cutter Service or the Revenue Marine. In 1915, when the Cutter Service was combined with the Life-Saving Service, the organization received the present name of the United States Coast Guard. At that point, it was the single service dealing with both the enforcement of law and the service of personal protection and life saving in the waterways. In 1939, President Franklin Roosevelt transferred the Lighthouse Service to the Coast Guard, so that now the Coast Guard had to carry out maritime navigation and the operation of the country's lighthouses along with its other jobs. But that

Paul Laurence Dunbar's novel The Sport of the Gods Essay

Paul Laurence Dunbar's novel The Sport of the Gods - Essay Example Yet as Fannie fears, " there could not be so many people without a deal of wickedness." (49). This paper will analyze each family member's slow degradation, by means provided by the city, evils which are commonplace to metro regions, but natives grow defense against while newcomers quickly become ensnared. Joe proves to be the most easily susceptible to the new found charms of the city. In his hometown, before the scandal, his position as a barber to white men had caused him to become haughty in demeanor. Humbled first in his hometown, the exposure to metropolitan ways again continue his consternation. He is envious of the well dressed young men of leisure he sees everywhere, and uses Mr. Thomas to gain access to them but only after Joe has become employed and has money to spend. Joe soon finds himself with the mistaken illusion of satisfaction: he has friends (for whom he buys much alcohol) and has become involved with a starlet, Ms. Hattie Sterling (who likewise drinks heavily). Through the attainment of these dreams, Joe achieves a level of social acceptance and a semi-long term relationship. He also becomes an alcoholic, which causes him to lavish all of his funds on acquaintances and none on his family, simultaneously going to work less and less. When he confesses to Sadness his father's (wrongful) imprisonment, Sadness rattles off various people's histories. Sadness is trying to help Joe by first revealing how much worse off others have it, but also trying to insinuate that Joe needs to depend less on others. When Joe claims that Sadness' words have helped, Sadness angrily declares "You lie. I haven't; I was only fool enough to try." (85) Joe instead takes the advice to be an invitation to a society of leisurely leeches. His drinking becomes so pronounced that Hattie break up with him several times over it. Ultimately, drink and desperation result in Joe murdering Hattie and receiving a life sentence in prison. Thus, Joe's initial fleeing of the stigma attached to his father's supposed crimes have caused him to emulate a self-defeating strata of society; in distancing himself from his father's alleged crime, Joe has unfortunately perpetuated a stereotype of a violent Southern Negro. Mr. Thomas first interest had been to win over Kitty's affections; it was only failing this that he befriended Joe in order to get closer to Kitty. In a way, Mr. Thomas does aid Kitty, but through a circuitous route. Kitty in general adheres to the moral guidelines she has followed all of her life. Her only weakness with metropolitan life is the theatre, which Hattie is able to provide access to through a Chorus Line contact. Kitty quickly gives up singing her traditional songs in favor of what are referred to as 'coon songs'. Her voice insures her quick rise from chorus to headlining, yet she develops a necessary callousness to go with it. As Joe's fortunes declined and hers rose, Joe frequently came to 'touch' Kitty for cash which eventually resulted in them no longer being on speaking terms. When Joe was arrested and convicted, Kitty "felt the shame of it keenly, and some of the grief." (123)This stemmed in part from earnest regret and in part of the de ja v experience from her f ather's incarceration: people couldn't help but connect her name to her brother's. Fearing an assumption

Human behavior- ch 10 reflection Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human behavior- ch 10 reflection - Assignment Example 299). Somehow, this particular thought or idea made me think of some possible reasons why human behavior is more of a social function rather than a psychological process. Through the use of effective communication skills, Mead explained that the active participation of each person within a social structure is merely an instrument to know more about the personal experiences and conduct of each individual (p. 301). In line with this, Mead’s theory on social psychology is heavily based on ‘social behaviorism’. It simply means that the ‘inner experiences’ of each individual significantly affects their behavior or action (p. 301). Often times, cultural practices or patterns can be observed within a given social structure. For this reason, I strongly agree and support the theory of Mead such that the way each person would interact with other human beings can affect not only their unique personal experiences in life but also how they manage to develop a set of attitude and behavior. It is not every day that all people can get a positive feeling or experience when they communicate with other people. For this reason, not everybody can develop a strong positive relationship with other people. This is true because people who have gone through harsh or negative experiences in life can unconsciously develop negative feelings such as hatred or anger. Eventually, feelings of hatred or anger can indirectly affect the way a person would behave with other people. deeply rooted in social process and structure (p. 299). As a result of day-to-day experiences in life, each person is able to feel and act in response to their personal experiences with other people. Aside from molding how a person would behave in public, the quality of social interaction an individual will have with another person or a group of people can also shape how they will perceive or view themselves as a person (p. 301). In my day-to-day living, I am exposed to a large group of

BIM Fine Management Perspective

BIM Fine Management Perspective Under the current development trend of BIM fine management Perspective Keywords: Fine perspective, trends, BIM, model building and analysis. Abstract Corporate Training is well planned and organized and implemented a systems engineering needs. The application of the refinement of management thinking to corporate training work, training can effectively improve the quality and reduce the cost of training. This article is the idea of fine management application to build enterprise training system, so clear responsibilities, standardize processes, improve the system, strict implementation of effective monitoring, rapid and timely corrective feedback to ensure that the training implemented. Our brief case BIM applications China, summed up the Chinese scholars to address the many recommendations hinder BIM application. Applied economics principles and methods of analysis of hazards and their impact on the external application of BIM BIM applications. Establish a complete information dynamic game model between government and enterprises, and study the economic incentives BIM applications. Suggested that the central government should take a supply-side oriented, incentive parallel, phased BIM application of economic incentives to achieve different participants at different stages, using different economic incentive programs. Introduction The development of technology for building information modeling (BIM) and the application in the civil engineering industry, prompting BIM technology and software into the university classroom to meet the needs of the industry. Our school of civil engineering professional use task-driven approach, innovation in undergraduate training programs, participate BIM class competition, graduation design teaching introduced BIM technology, guided independent learning BIM family of software, and achieved good results. Based on the above procedure Seeing discussed BIM technology in civil engineering teaching. Building Information Modeling (BIM) is based on the relevant information and data as a basis for building projects model, building model were established, and true information through digital information simulation building has. It has visualization, coordination, simulation, optimize and may be showing of five characteristics. BIM technology to promote a model using digital technology to achieve a new concept of the project life-cycle management, and its advantages in intelligent, digital information models and associated terms for all parties involved in the construction project has created an easy exchange of information platform, thereby increasing productivity in the construction industry. In recent years, BIM technology has been in the construction industry in a wide range of applications, and achieved good results in the construction of demonstration, collision detection, construction management and other aspects, and to some extent, shorten the construction period, reducing t he project cost and improve quality of the project is a new trend in the future in the construction industry With BIM technology in China to promote the construction industry, many colleges and universities are involved in the teaching and application of BIM technologies. The largest 2D and 3D design and engineering software company Autodesk (AUTODESK) in the country trying to promote its BIM software such as Revi t, Navi swork. Our school in civil engineering specialty teaching task-driven approach undertaken by BIM application of innovative undergraduate training program, to encourage undergraduates to participate in structural BIM series of competitions, such as the Revi t cup, cup Brownsville, in the Graduation Project the introduction of BIM, etc., to stimulate student interest, guided independent learning BIM software combined with the professional be applied. In the professional conduct of the past three years, the effect is more obvious, won the second prize Brownsville Cup Group Beijing structural competition first prize. Graduation design, BIM-related topics reached more than 50%; innovation in the training topics, BIM topics more than 30%; and so on. Students study and application of BIM and BIM software category awareness has been greatly improved. But also shows some shortcomings, we have relevant teaching experience, explore BIM technology Civil Teaching Status and recommendations. The Proposed Methodology Training enterprises to strengthen fine management significance Improve the quality of training. By training in every aspect of the implementation of place, so that demand training, combining theory with practice, so as to improve and enhance performance, ensure the quality of training.   Reduce the cost of training. Through the training process of standardization and refinement of management, can be done to discover and solve problems, to avoid unnecessary losses occur, thereby reducing costs. Effective integration and use of training resources. With careful planning and planning training programs, the development of scientific and rational, workable plan that can effectively utilize and integrate internal training resources. Timely discover and solve problems. Through the whole training process monitoring and control, timely detection of problems in the training process, and to solve their problems, to ensure that training can be completed as planned, and to ensure a certain quality. Connotation fine training system.  Meticulous management thinking, the earliest dating back to the early 20th century, scientific management theories of American father of scientific management Taylor founded. Taylors scientific management thought all reflect the attention to detail, emphasizing every detail of the specification, so that the details of the control, permeated with the refinement of management thinking. After World War II, with the expansion of business scale, the increasing complexity of production technology, product replacement cycle is shorter, more productive collaboration requirements. In this case, the business management of a more refined requirements. The birth of lean production and lean thinking to the formation of meticulous management thinking has epoch-making significance. Meticulous management is a management concept and technology, through systematic and refinement rules, the use of procedures, standardized, data and information and the means to make the organization and management of each unit accurate, efficient, coordinated and continuous operation. Meticulous management is based on the conventional management of a management model. Fine management emphasizes attention to specific work process in a series of details; grasp the key details, important details as the focal point; increase the execution of the organization to ensure the smooth realization of organizational goals. Thus, content management is reflected in the fine attention to detail, standardize processes, strictly enforced to ensure the quality, cost and other aspects, emphasizing accountability, procedural norms, institutions effective implementation in place, the end of the inspection and timely correction. The use of refined management thinking to build enterprise training system to go is fine with the idea to organize the implementation of corporate training, attention to detail control. Specific ideas is the person responsible for the training of the gang, refine, quantify, clear job responsibilities, standardize work processes, clear and specific task, improve the training system to ensure the effective implementation and monitoring of the training. BIM disadvantage. Implement building information models need to use software such as Revit to achieve, but it is a large integrated software, Revit now just emerging when the universities can not offer relevant subjects, students can only lead to self-study books through the video, which gives students bring pressures and difficulties. Building information modeling is a big macro concept, which involves all aspects of things, for the students, but also their relative lack of expertise, lack of awareness is still in full professional stage. Some students focus on using some of the more unusual features to attract the teachers attention, to conceal the nature of the problem and show understanding, which is not conducive to students rigorous and correct the habit of thinking. There is no doubt that students know BIM is important, but it is recognized only remain in the operational know-how, in order to raise the stakes in the primary stage of employment for BIM in the actual project how to effectively apply in order to achieve efficiency savings of lack of reasonable understanding . Take appropriate teaching methods to enhance the students understanding of BIM and guide students to think about how to apply BIM today is the most pressing issue. Corporate Training System meticulous management from the Perspective of. The application of meticulous management thinking to build enterprise training system, and mainly from the following aspects. The gang attended. Training can be either an independent business function, it can be in terms of human resource management and development of a core function. In the United States, as early as in the late 1970s it had already begun the training and development department set up as an independent movement. The first people to pursue the principle of South Koreas Samsung Group, as early as 1957 that is set up its own training center, who once hired, it is necessary to invest a lot of capital for training, or can not posts. One of the essence of refined training system is designed to be used by the person responsible for post training, thinning, quantification job responsibilities management training, training managers a clear selection criteria. If you reach a certain scale enterprise development, the need to establish an independent training institutions or departments to undertake this function. Analysis of training needs. The success of the training, to a great extent depends on the accuracy and validity of the demand analysis. Training needs analysis from the general organizational analysis, job analysis, personnel and other three levels of analysis. The development of training courses. Corporate training curriculum development is a complex and detailed system engineering. Since the training requirements of enterprises with strong relevance and practicality, category-level training object is very complex, and the lack of suitable training materials on the market, therefore, the development of training programs with a certain degree of difficulty. In fact, the quality of curriculum development depends on the level of trainers. Training trainers internal trainers often targeted according to the specific situation of enterprises curriculum development, so as to stimulate the enthusiasm of staff and participation in training lectures enthusiasm, not only effective, but also eliminates the need for high training costs. For internal trainers Training should focus on two aspects of knowledge and skills. Although they have some of their own expertise and experience, but for the curriculum to be taught, or need to re-sort system, and prepare a standardized instructor, student manual. At the same time, they want to carry out specialized training on instructor skills, multiple lecture, and let the experienced lecturers guide and on-site reviews, and finally to an independent school. Therefore, the internal trainers training and selection is a process of. Condition Training of project implementation support. In order to make the effective implementation of the training program, in addition to working to ensure that all aspects of the process in accordance with the strict implementation of the provisions, but also the need for other security conditions. Establish a scientific, comprehensive training system is the basis for effective training management, and provide support for the overall operation of the training system. However, as a management system, enterprises should combine their actual situation of the development of the training system. Enterprise training system generally includes a new system of employee orientation, training, organization and management system, training evaluation systems, training reward system, training in risk management system. Training preparatory work. Training managers the best preparation for a job list, itemized inventory control check the progress of the preparatory work, to avoid missing. This phase of work include: print a list of participants; training written notice issued; notify specific training time and place; check that the training venues and equipment; posted a good seat label; meet with trainers, training programs and communication to confirm the contents; preparation Participant Manual or buy textbooks and materials; printed sign-in sheet, questionnaire, assessment papers, graduation certificate. When summing up the work end of the course. Summarize the occasion of completion of the course is to start in the future to continue to learn, therefore, to assist instructor training managers do review and summarize the knowledge to help students design lecturer subsequent learning goals, learning methods and ways and give guidance. Training effectiveness evaluation refers to the results of training to collect data to measure the effectiveness of the training process. Although the whole process from the point of view of training, training effectiveness evaluation last link in the training, in fact, to assess the effectiveness of training throughout the training process. Because the analysis to determine training needs assessment is inseparable from the effectiveness of training, training objectives and the results of training in information collection and other aspects of the training process. Specifically, the process of training effectiveness assessment include: goal setting training evaluation; the development of assessment programs; collection, analysis, assessment of the required raw materials. Conclusion BIM is a cutting edge of technology in the construction industry, which can be architectural design, construction management, and operations and so on throughout the life cycle well integrated together to facilitate the stakeholders in different stages of the project from the outset involved, greatly promoted the construction efficiency savings. As a new generation of professional civil engineering students to master BIM technology is necessary. It should be noted, BIM civil engineering in university teaching and professional practice in the application have been some development, but there are still a lot of work worthy of our university teachers to think, to explore.

Prince Siddhartha Gautama - Buddha :: Chinese China History

Buddha This report will be about the life of Buddha, Siddhartha Gautama, and his influences on the people around him. It will explain how the religion of Buddhism came about and how the Buddha created it. It will also include not only what influenced Buddha to start preaching, but what influenced the people to listen. Prince Siddhartha Gautama, who would later be known as Buddha, was born in Lumbini, Nepal around the year 563 BC. He was the son of two important great people. Siddhartha's father's name was Shuddhodana, the King of the Sakyas. His mother, Queen Maya, was a lady "of perfect form and bee-black tresses, fearless in heart and full of grace and virtue." Siddhartha got his name from one of his mother's dreams. Her dream was that an elephant with 6 tusks, carrying a lotus flower in its trunk, touched the right side of Queen Maya's body. That was when Siddhartha was miraculously conceived. When she told her husband about her dream, he called Brahmins, or learned men to interpret it. They predicted that the child one-day would be the greatest king in the world or the greatest ascetic in the world. So that's why they called him Siddhartha, meaning "he whose aim is accomplished." When Siddhartha was about 20 years old he married Yasodhara, who was the daughter of one of the King's ministers. S iddhartha and his new wife had a child a year after they got married. They called their son Rahula, which means "impediment." Nine years later Siddhartha asked his charioteer to take him for a ride throughout the city. While riding he saw three things he had never seen before. One was an elder man, another was a man suffering from illness, and finally he saw a dead body surrounded by mourners. Since he had never seen anything like that before he asked his charioteer, Channa, what was wrong. He responded and told the Prince that these things were natural and unavoidable, that happen to all kinds of people. "Everything is transient; nothing in permanent in this world....Knowing that, I can find delight in nothing...How can a man, who knows that death is quite inevitable, still feel greed in his heart, enjoy the world of senses and not weep in this great danger?" Once again Siddhartha asked Channa to take him out into the city again and this time he was to see the last of four images that would change his life forever.

Hrm Practices in Aarong

Part-1 Introduction Organizational overview: â€Å"To provide a stable and gainful source of employment for the under privileged rural artisans, lift up the traditional identity and the commitment of quality service† The name of the organization Aarong is a Bangla word. It means â€Å"a village fair or market†. Aarong started its journey on the basis of this slogan. Now-a-days it is an established fashion and home decor in Bangladesh. Its’ dedication is to change the lives of the disadvantages , promoting traditional products from Bangladesh and opening the doors so their products can be exported.It has grown into a thriving international enterprise showcasing ethnic wear to beautiful crafts from silks, handloom cotton, endi to terracotta, bamboo, jute and much more. It is the handicraft marketing arm of BRAC (Bangladesh Rural Advancement committee), the largest NGO in Bangladesh. Aarong has created a village fair for the craftsmen of all trades come together to exhibit and sale their traditional handicrafts. it helps vitalize the traditional craftsmanship and find a wider market for their products nationally and internationally.Established in 1978, Aarong is a fair trade organization dedicated to bring about positive changes in the lives of disadvantaged artisans and underprivileged rural women by reviving and promoting their skills and craft. Reaching out to weavers, potters, brass workers, jewelers, jute workers, basket weavers, wood carvers, leather workers and more, Aarong embraces and nurtures a diverse representation of 65,000 artisans, 85% of whom are women.Today, Aarong has become the foundation upon which independent cooperative groups and family-based artisans market their craft, in an effort to position the nation’s handicraft industry on a world platform of appreciation and acknowledgement. Background of the Organization Aarong began as a cause – a means to an end for a quiet organization fighting to uphold the di gnity of the marginalized. In 1976, when BRAC- a Bangladeshi NGO dedicated to alleviating poverty and empowering the poor, first began encouraging sericulture for women in Manikganj, their only buyers were a few scattered retailers in Dhaka.Weeks, even months would pass between supply and payment, until BRAC intervened. Aarong was born out of a need to ensure that the penniless silk farmers of Manikganj were paid for their goods upon delivery, so that they could feed their families. Today, Aarong's reach has spread beyond Manikganj to the rest of the country. It has grown into a thriving international enterprise showcasing ethnic wear to beautiful crafts from silks, handloom cotton, endi to terracotta, bamboo, jute and much more.From a single shop, Aarong has grown into one of Bangladesh's biggest retail chains, with eight stores spread across the major metropolitan areas of the country – in Dhaka, Chittagong, Khulna and Sylhet and one in London, UK. Aarong symbolizes fairnes s in the global village. The organization has identified three basic constraints for gainful employment of the low income and marginalized people in the rural areas: lack of working capital, marketing support and opportunity for skills development.In order to bridge these gaps, Aarong provides a wide range of services to its workers and suppliers: Figure: The services Aarong provides to its’ customer and suppliers Aarong’s Mission Statement â€Å"To make Aarong the best in the world in providing a unique Bangladeshi lifestyle experience to empower people and promote Bangladesh while protecting our environment. † Vision of the organization Aarong has a vision to establish them as world’s one of the famous fair trade fashion house, and to remain market leader throughout its business. Aarong expanded its business in international arena.Aarong has a dream to develop more artisans of Bangladesh and make them self-dependent and attract more and more internation al customers towards Bangladeshi culture. Goals: †¢Empowering destitute rural women by providing opportunities for employment and income generation. †¢Ensuring commercial success of the enterprise of women producers. †¢Reviving traditional skills of rural artisans. Services: †¢Free Medical check-up including free eye treatment, eye-glasses and treatment costs for severe illnesses †¢Advance wage payments for employees in need †¢Day care services Workers retirement fund Twenty five thousand independent cooperative groups and traditional family-based artisans also market their crafts through Aarong. Potters, Brass Workers, Jewelers, Jute workers, Basket Weavers, Handloom Weavers, Silk Weavers, Wood Carvers, Leather workers and various artisans with specialized skills from all over the country come to Aarong for marketing and support services. Personality Test Result Human Metrics Jung Typology Test Based on Carl Jung’s and Isabel Briggs Myersâ€℠¢ Typological approach to personality I have been classified in the ENTP category.It refers that- I m Extrovert (67%) Intuitive (31%) Intuitive Thinking (25%) Perceiving (33%) More specifically — * I have distinctive preferences of Extraversion over Introversion (67%) * I have moderate preferences of Intuition over Sensing (31%) * I have moderate preferences of Thinking over Feeling (25%) * I have moderate preferences of Perceiving over Judging (33%) HR Planning of Aarong: Aarong is the one of the biggest fashion house in Bangladesh with ten outlets around the country. Behind the fashion house/lifestyle store Aarong has a corporate office and branches of Ayesha Abed foundation in several districts.Aarong & AAF has been employing a huge number of employees from all over the country and in some cases overseas employees. Here is the organogram of Aarong & AAF to have a look on the positions of the employees who are involved in different Human Resource activities: Figure: Organog ram of HR & Training Department of Aarong Recruitment and selection Process: Selecting and recruiting good employees for an organization is indeed one of the most crucial and critical aspects of running an organization as the decisions so taken to this respect can take the organization to the heights of success.In this respect, it must be borne in mind that each individual has a valuable contribution, irrespective of the position or status of the employee in respective organization. Staffing is the process of recruiting applicants and selecting prospective employees it is known as the key strategic are of Human Resource Management. Stated that an organization’s performance is a direct result of the individuals it employs. The specific strategies used and decisions made in staffing process will directly impact an organization’s success or lack thereof.Planning for recruitment and selection: The aim of the policy and the procedure is to support the recruitment and select ion of people with necessary ability, skills, qualification and competencies to contribute effectively to delivery of Aarong & AAF Recruitment and Selection Strategy: As Aarong has huge number of employees all around the country, they recruit different types of employees based on the nature of the jobs. Aarong recruits five types of employees, these are ?Regular ?Part time ?Temporary ?Contractual ?Project based Regular employee:Regular employees work five days a week from Sunday to Thursday, starting from 8. 30 am to 5. 15 pm. These employees will receive the entire compensation program (bonus, increment, overtime and insurance) and every other facility that are given by the organization. Part-time employees: Part- time employees are those who does not work on the regular working hours, they are given the facility of flexible work hours. Part time employees are recruited for the outlets for example – sales associates, store helper, guards etc. They are not given the facilitie s of the regular employees.However they will be given some facilities based on the contracts they have with the organization. Temporary employee: Aarong recruits temporary employees for different purposes. Some times when a position is vacant and the recruitment might take long to fill in that’s when Aarong & AAF goes for recruiting temporary employees. Temporary employees may work full time or part-time. The temporary sales associates for Ramadan work as part timer. On the other hand temporary employees for documentation work as long as full timer in Aarong. Contractual employee:Contractual employees are hired to work on certain projects or for a certain period of time. The sales associates for the Ramadan are under contract of one month whereas the interns have three months of contracts in Aarong. However depending on the nature of the job the organization may extend their contract with employees. Project based employee: Project based employees are hired for specific projec ts. The organization make contract with them to work on a certain project. To open new outlets in Mirpur and Uttara Aarong hired interior designers to design new outlets is under project based employment.Recruitment method: Aarong recruits its employee’s mostly on viva voce and they do not take any written examination of the candidates. But the interviews are conducted by several steps, which are, in first round if someone qualifies the interview then they are selected for the second round of the interview. These types of interviews are arranged for officer, executive and managerial level. But for the technical posts like IT department computer literacy is tested. But recently Aarong has stated taking written examination on computer for finance and accounts department and also for other departments as well.Only In case of design studio the applicants has to present their portfolio. The steps of recruiting the employees: To recruit the employees for different departments Aaron g goes through several steps, these are performed by the HR department: Figure: Recruitment Process in Aarong & AAF Requisition for Staff: In the beginning of the year all the departments’ head send their requisition in a fixed form to the HR department estimating the requirement of new staff for the whole year in their respective department, then HR collects the approval of the director.HRD would make yearly plan to recruit staff on the basis of the received approved requisition. According to the organizational chart, it is previously determined how many people are required to run a particular department or to do a specific kind of job. So with the resignation of an employee respective department needs to get approval for a new position, it forwards the form to HRD along with the detail particulars like educational level, experience, interpersonal skills and other skills that the job required of the deserving candidate. Check and Verify organizational Chart:Once the HR depar tment receives an approved job requisition, it is the foremost duty of the HR departments to check and verify the approval with the organizational chart. Next, the manager of HR prepares the job watch, which is to circulate for job announcement. This job watch contains job responsibility, objectives, number of vacancies of the department, educational background of the candidate, working experience and other interpersonal skills. The job watch basically asks the potential candidate to send their CV if they qualify the minimum qualification level. Sources of Recruitment:There are two kinds of sources Aarong & AAF uses for recruitment. They are ?Internal source ?External source ?Internal source: Aarong & AAF think that current employees are a major source of recruits for all but entry level positions. Whether for promotions or for lateral job transfer, internal candidates already know the informal organization and have detailed information about its formal policies and procedures. Prom otions and transfer are typically decided by responsible department with involvement by HR department. Employee references/ recommendation: Employee reference has universal application.Lower level and mid-level positions can, and often are filled by the recommendation of a current employee. In higher level positions it is more likely referral will be a professional acquaintance rather than a friend with whom the recommender has close social contacts. In jobs where specialized expertise is important, and where employees participate in professional organizations that foster the development of the expertise, it can be expected that current employees will be acquainted with or know about individuals they think would make excellent contribution to the organization. External sources: Aarong & AAF believe in innovative inspiration so HR department use to look outside of the organization for applicants. The external source starts with the job advertisement on different media. Job Advertisem ent: Aarong gives their advertisement mostly on the major newspapers and internet to collect applicants for all the departments and posts. Through the advertisement they declare the posts of the jobs and the job description which includes duties and responsibilities along they also mention the facilities Aarong provides.In the advertisement they mention the required qualification of the applicants, age and experience etc. Collecting & Screening: After the advertisement for a particular job the HR department starts collecting the bio data. The bio data are collected from sources, for example the bio data dropped in the application box in the head office are collected, online applications are downloaded and printed, some are collected from the outlets by post and some are through references. After collecting the applicants’ bio data the qualifications, experience and age are matched.The applicants are selected and prioritized based on their education such as applicants from rep uted universities and year of experience they possess. While screening them qualified applicants for the specified jobs are found, but sometimes applicants with fewer years of experience are kept separately. And some time these candidates’ bio data are used when there is lack of candidates for interview. Short listing the potential Applicants: After going through the bio data that matches the qualifications, applicants who are well qualified for the positions have to be put on a short list.Following completion of short listing process, HR personnel should give them priority in calling for interviews. Schedule and Arrange the interview: After short listing the bio data, the arrangements of the interview starts. The shortlisted candidates are to be called and they should be well informed about the interview method, date, time and venue etc. For these responsible personnel has to make a schedule for interview. HR manager and respective departments’ managers, sometimes pro gram head altogether decides a convenient time for the interview.After scheduling the applicants are informed of the time date venue of the interviews and if appropriate, be asked to bring photographs for further identification. Conduct interview: Interviews must be fair, objective and structures to allow the maximum amount of information to be obtained from the applicants. The person specification and outline job description should form the basic questioning . which should be relevant to the recruitment of the post. In the interview panel there are two personnel from Aarong most of the time, one person from the HR department and another person should be from other department.For example recruiting a marketing officer the representative from the HR department is either a senior HR officer or an executive and the other interviewer in this case would be marketing head or marketing manager. In the interview panel the judges are given an interviewer appraisal form to keep the record of applicants’ personal attributes and their educational and professional qualification. From officer and above there are two rounds of interviews taken. The candidates selected from the first round interview are to be interviewed by the director of Aarong.Compile interview results: At this stage HR compiles the interview results. In order to compile the result, average score of the interview is calculated. Usually, the candidate that matches with hiring departments requirements is called for the second round of interview. After the interviews the candidates are selected by analyzing their qualifications by the director mostly and then it is the responsibility of HR to inform applicants about the result. But for but for entry level jobs it is the responsibility of an HR officer to finalize the selection.Background Check/ candidates’ verification: The selected candidates will provide copies of their educational and professional certificates ant the HR department will make arrangement for verifying these records by calling their references checking the copies of certificates with the original ones. Inform the selected candidate: After verification of the papers submitted by the candidates, HR department will call them for further formalities that are to be carried out like negotiation of salary, confirmation of joining date, fitness certificate, releasing order etc.Appointment: After completion of the introductory training sessions, the candidates are asked to come with their certificates, releasing order from previous employer, experience certificate, reference letter etc. The regular employees are required to fill-up several forms on the day of their appointment. These are †¢ Personal information form †¢ Insurance form †¢ Joining form Training: Training department of Aarong is a part of Human Resource department. Training personnel are responsible for all the necessary training sessions for the new employees.As they are to be acquaint ed with the new organization, working environment, people and job responsibilities. The training officers train the new employees to be introduced with the job and organization and make sure they are able to perform effectively. As the training section is very small and yet they are responsible for training employees all over the country, the training session lasts for one day. In mid-level and higher positions the employee gets on the job training. But positions like Sales associate, store helper and maintenance workers are mostly trained about their job. Orientation or induction:Generally the HR department arranges employee’s orientation or induction which provides new employees with basic background information about the organization, information they need to perform their job, their job description or so on. It is called a socialization process. it helps to cope with new environment very easily and it minimizes reality shock. Performance Appraisal System: Performance appr aisal system is defined as a systematic process of performance planning, organizing, monitoring, appraising, and guiding & rewarding individual employee’s performance by using standard tools.This is a formal management process being conducted through participation. The system does not merely represent an annual event rather it represents a systematic processed viewed from the standpoint of total perspective. The essence of performance appraisal system is that the employee’s perform the best of their abilities to attain individual standard and achieve the organization goals. Aarong and Ayesha Abed Foundation has a performance appraisal system closely similar to an amalgamation of â€Å"Behavioral anchored ratings scale (BARS)† and â€Å"key performance indicator (KPI)† performance Appraisal mechanism.The present performance is done using: a) Appraisal by Achievement against certain behavior b) Competence profile in current job, which includes rating or lea dership quality, resource management, business development, communicative etc. The organization views the system as year round process. Every employee at Aarong is being evaluated once in a year. And employees are evaluated when their working period is more than six month. Aarong has three types of performance appraisal form, these are – top level, mid-level and entry level, as all the employees cannot be evaluated in same manner.The reason for having the performance appraisal system is to evaluate them from different aspects and find out their strengths and weakness and provide them chances to improve them in order to perform more effectively. There are different component of the performance appraisal system namely performance planning, performance monitoring and performance development and annual appraisal each of those are inter related and integrated with each other having several sub- component under each of those components. The Annual performance Appraisal format:In th is study, focus has been given on the performance appraisal system of the management executive. The elements of the performance appraisal form are a) Performance planning b) Career growth & development c) Performance competences d) Overall performance evaluation e) Review and comment by appraiser, appraisers’ manager and appraise her/himself. In Aarong has four types of Performance Appraisal formats, Form-A, for top level employees, PA Form- B, for mid-level employees, PA Form-C, for lower level employees, and the last one is Performance Appraisal or Sales Associates. Aarong mainly uses customized software developed for carrying out the specificfunctions involved in the various functional departments. The Key In-HouseSoftware used by Aarong is as follows: Part-2 IT in HRM The IT used in Aarong: 1. Central Office Management System (COMS): COMS also used by the export department for handling export orders. The retailing department uses COMS to check inventory levels and maintai n re-order levels by analyzing data such as amount sent to outlet, amount in display and amount in the warehouse. 2. Point of Sale (POS):Point of sales software is used in all the outlets of  Aarong. When a sales staff scans the barcode of any product, the software records the transaction. This database enables the organization to identify the demand of the product and adjust their inventory level accordingly. 3. Ayesha Abed Foundation Software (AAFS): Ayesha Abed Foundation, which is the primary manufacturing unit of Aarong, uses this Software to check product levels. 4. Customer Relationship Management: This software enables Aarong to identify the most loyal customer and to retain them.Customer databases are maintained with the help of this software. It also enables Aarong to provide special services, such as â€Å"My Aarong Rewards†, to loyal customers. With the buying and contact information of all loyal customers, Aarong is able to notifythem whenever products that sui t their taste are available Figure: HRIS department at Aarong The Human Resource Department of Aarong is responsible for managing , controlling and the employment of the total employees, staff, and managers. The firm maintains some IS function with its HRM department.These functions have been given in the upward diagram and described here: Employee Database: All the information of the employees is saved in the database following the Microsoft access. This database includes the information of the employees from the joining days to the last days. Performance Tracking: Sales representatives are given a percentage of commissions on the sale that is why performance tracking is an important issue. The sale per day is tracked by using bar code readers and time punch machine.Pre specified reports: Based on the database maintained at the central office managers are allowed to access pre specified reports on the company’s employees and the key performance indicators. Company Intranet: The intranet provides managers to extract data on employees personal records and qualifications, sales performance, and past reports on sales and managerial activities using the online. Part-3 Biography of Mr. Fazle Hasan Abed Fazle Hasan Abed, Founder & Chairperson, BRAC was born in Bangladesh in 1936.He was educated at Dhaka and Glasgow Universities. The 1971 Liberation War of Bangladesh had a profound effect on him, then in his thirties, a professional accountant who was holding a senior corporate executive position at Shell Oil. The war dramatically changed the direction of his life; he left his job and moved to London to devote himself to Bangladesh's War of Independence. There, he helped to initiate a campaign called â€Å"Help Bangladesh† to organise funds to raise awareness about the war in Bangladesh.When the war over, he returned to the newly independent Bangladesh, finding the economy in ruins. Millions of refugees, who had sought shelter in India during the war, s tarted returning to the country and their relief and rehabilitation called for urgent efforts. It was then that he established BRAC to rehabilitate returning refugees in a remote area in north-eastern Bangladesh. He directed his policy towards helping the poor develop their capacity to better manage their lives.Thus, BRAC's primary objectives emerged as alleviation of poverty and empowerment of the poor. Under his leadership, in the span of only three decades, BRAC grew to become the largest development organisation in the world in terms of the scale and diversity of its interventions. Sir Fazle has received numerous national and international awards for his achievements in leading BRAC, including the David Rockefeller Bridging Leadership Award (2008), the Inaugural Clinton Global Citizen Award (2007), the Henry R.Kravis Prize in Leadership (2007), the Palli Karma Sahayak Foundation (PKSF) Award for Lifetime Achievement in Social Development and Poverty Alleviation (2007), Gates Awa rd for Global Health (2004), UNDP MahbubulHaq Award for Outstanding Contribution in Human Development (2004), Schwab Foundation Social Entrepreneurship Award (2002), Olof Palme Award (2001), UNICEF's Maurice Pate Award (1992) and the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Community Leadership (1980). He is also recognised by Ashoka as one of the â€Å"global greats† and is a founding member of its prestigious Global Academy for Social Entrepreneurship.In 2010, he was appointed by UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon to the Eminent Persons Group for the Least Developed Countries. Sir Fazle has received several honorary degrees including Doctor of Humane Letters from Yale University in 2007, Doctor of Laws from Columbia University in 2008, Doctor of Letters from the University of Oxford in 2009 and Doctorate of Laws from the University of Bath in 2010. In February 2010, he was appointed Knight Commander of the Most Distinguished Order of St. Michael and St.George (KCMG) by the British crown in recognition of his services to reducing poverty in Bangladesh and internationally. He was awarded WISE Prize, the world's first major international prize for education by Qatar Foundation in November 2011. Comparative analysis Illustrated profile of Fazle Hasan Abed I can imagine my to be career as an entrepreneur. I am graduating from Dhaka University in BBA and I would prefer being an entrepreneur. For this I have to be- 1. More patient as I see it is less in me 2.I am enthusiastic but in some matter I easily loose my enthusiasm for this I have to work a lot Part-4 Recommendation * Greater use of MIS, DSS and ESS for effective decision making. * Adoption of fully automated supply chain management system to ensure greater quality and flexibility. * Streamlining the Designing and approval process into one workstation. * Automation of the Demand projection and Trend analysis tasks. * Greater use of networking to carryout financial transactions with partners and suppliers.